舊有路面評(píng)價(jià)方法

Old pavement evaluation methods

冷再生前需要對(duì)就有路面情況進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。尚無專門針對(duì)冷再生的路面評(píng)價(jià)方法，多采用普通的舊路評(píng)價(jià)方法。

Before cold regeneration, it is necessary to evaluate the existing road conditions. There is no specific road surface evaluation method for cold regeneration, and ordinary old road evaluation methods are often used.

比較有代表性的方法有：同濟(jì)大學(xué)“干線公路路面評(píng)價(jià)養(yǎng)護(hù)系統(tǒng)成套技術(shù)”，該方法把路面使用性能分為行駛質(zhì)量、路面破損和結(jié)構(gòu)承載能力三個(gè)方面，對(duì)路面破損采用扣分法，即路面損壞狀況由損壞類型、嚴(yán)重程度、范圍或密度這三個(gè)方面來表征。

A representative method is Tongji University's "Complete set of technology for evaluating and maintaining the road surface of trunk highways". This method divides the road surface performance into three aspects: driving quality, road surface damage, and structural bearing capacity. The road surface damage is characterized by three aspects: damage type, severity, range, or density, using a deduction method.

年交通部頒布并實(shí)施了《公路瀝青路面養(yǎng)護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)范》該規(guī)范把路面使用質(zhì)量分為路面破損狀況（PCI評(píng)價(jià)）、行駛質(zhì)量（國際平整度指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)）、強(qiáng)度（彎沉評(píng)價(jià)）及抗滑性能（橫向力系數(shù)或擺式儀擺值評(píng)價(jià)）四個(gè)方面，后根據(jù)公路等級(jí)、交通量、分項(xiàng)路況評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果確定維修對(duì)策。

In, the Ministry of Transport issued and implemented the "Technical Specification for Maintenance of Asphalt Pavement on Highways", which divides the quality of pavement use into four aspects: pavement damage condition (PCI evaluation), driving quality (International Roughness Index evaluation), strength (deflection evaluation), and anti-skid performance (lateral force coefficient or pendulum value evaluation). Maintenance strategies are then determined based on the evaluation results of highway grade, traffic volume, and sub road conditions.

滬寧高速公路擴(kuò)建工程采用以下兩種方法評(píng)價(jià)原路面結(jié)構(gòu)層的損壞狀況和承載力，以決定其再利用方式：

The expansion project of the Shanghai Nanjing Expressway adopts the following two methods to evaluate the damage condition and bearing capacity of the original pavement structure layer, in order to determine its reuse method:

①采用2004年彎沉檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)（100m代表值）進(jìn)行路況評(píng)價(jià)，滿足設(shè)計(jì)彎沉的充分利用，不滿足彎沉要求的挖除重建；

① Using the 2004 deflection detection data (100m representative value) for road condition evaluation, it meets the full utilization of design deflection, and excavates and reconstructs those that do not meet the deflection requirements;

②以間距100m將原路面分段，計(jì)算每段路的路面綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)RCQI（road condition quality index），根據(jù)RCQI制定維修方案。

② Divide the original road surface into sections with a spacing of 100m, calculate the road condition quality index (RCQI) for each section, and develop a maintenance plan based on RCQI.

以上道路評(píng)價(jià)方法是從道路維護(hù)角度出發(fā)的，不是針對(duì)再生的，這些方法用于再生前評(píng)價(jià)不完全合適。為解決這個(gè)問題需進(jìn)一步研究再生前評(píng)價(jià)。

The above road evaluation methods are from the perspective of road maintenance, not for regeneration, and they are not entirely suitable for pre regeneration evaluation. To address this issue, further research is needed on pre regeneration evaluation.

取料方法

Material collection method

分析了就地?zé)嵩偕?、工廠熱再生、全深度冷再生取料方法。

Analyzed the methods of geothermal regeneration, factory hot regeneration, and full depth cold regeneration for material extraction.

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)取料一般是借鑒國外經(jīng)驗(yàn)，要求對(duì)于同一個(gè)路段，一般少要取5-6個(gè)試樣，每1km路段或市政道路的每個(gè)街區(qū)少取5個(gè)，試樣通常采用鉆芯或小型冷銑刨機(jī)獲取[2]。

On site sampling is generally based on foreign experience, requiring at least 5-6 samples to be taken for the same road section, and at least 5 samples to be taken for every 1km road section or municipal road block. Samples are usually obtained using drilling cores or small cold milling machines.

料堆取料可按照現(xiàn)行《公路路基路面現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試規(guī)程》（JTG E60-2008）進(jìn)行[3]。

The collection of materials from the pile can be carried out in accordance with the current "On site Testing Regulations for Highway Roadbeds and Pavements" (JTG E60-2008).

美國的問卷調(diào)查顯示8個(gè)地區(qū)鉆芯和銑刨，10個(gè)只鉆芯，5個(gè)只銑刨。要求大粒徑的范圍是19mm-75mm，其中以31.75mm為常見。另外有四個(gè)地區(qū)無大粒徑限制。

A survey in the United States shows that there are 8 regions for drilling and milling, with 10 regions only for drilling and 5 regions only for milling. The range of required large particle size is 19mm-75mm, with 31.75mm being the most common. In addition, there are four regions without large particle size restrictions.

銑刨料性質(zhì)分析

Analysis of properties of milling and planing materials

銑刨材料研究的是集料的級(jí)配和殘留瀝青的性質(zhì)。銑刨級(jí)配分為再生料級(jí)配和抽提后級(jí)配。

The focus of research on milling materials is on the gradation of aggregates and the properties of residual asphalt. Milling grading is divided into recycled material grading and extracted grading.

級(jí)配分析表明，較之初始級(jí)配，再生料的級(jí)配偏細(xì)，這是長期行車荷載造成的集料破碎和銑刨過程中集料被打碎導(dǎo)致的。進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定再生有時(shí)需要加入新集料才能得到恰當(dāng)?shù)募?jí)配。

The gradation analysis shows that compared to the initial gradation, the gradation of recycled materials is finer, which is caused by the crushing of aggregates caused by long-term driving loads and the crushing of aggregates during milling. Stable regeneration sometimes requires the addition of new aggregates to obtain appropriate gradation.

對(duì)于舊瀝青的性能，目前分析主要其針入度、軟化點(diǎn)、延度和粘度[4][5][6]。部分研究者用旋轉(zhuǎn)薄膜烘箱試驗(yàn)研究了舊瀝青的老化性能[7]，認(rèn)為舊瀝青仍然可以繼續(xù)老化。

For the performance of old asphalt, current analysis mainly focuses on its penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity [4] [5] [6]. Some researchers have studied the aging performance of old asphalt using a rotating thin film oven test [7], and believe that old asphalt can still continue to age.

總結(jié)分析了再生劑性能的文獻(xiàn)資料，RAP材料的瀝青含量一般較高，目前資料上看常見的路油量范圍為4.2%-4.8%。

After summarizing and analyzing the literature on the performance of rejuvenators, it was found that the asphalt content of RAP materials is generally high. Currently, the common range of road oil content in the literature is 4.2% -4.8%.

冷再生材料級(jí)配

Cold recycled material grading

國內(nèi)研究中常見的路面級(jí)配：水泥冷再生材料一般選用《公路路面基層施工技術(shù)規(guī)范》中的級(jí)配范圍；瀝青（+水泥）穩(wěn)定類材料篇采用路面設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范中的AC13或AC20級(jí)配范圍，也有采用再生規(guī)范中的級(jí)配范圍。

Common pavement gradation in domestic research: Cement cold recycled materials are generally selected within the gradation range specified in the Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Pavement Bases; The asphalt (+cement) stabilized materials section adopts the AC13 or AC20 grading range in the pavement design specifications, as well as the grading range in the regeneration specifications.

其他曾經(jīng)使用的級(jí)配有：維特根手冊(cè)中的級(jí)配范圍、ARRA法中的級(jí)配范圍、貝雷法控制級(jí)配，也有研究者自行設(shè)計(jì)級(jí)配。

Other previously used grading methods include the grading range in the Wittgen Handbook, the grading range in the ARRA method, the Berry method for controlling grading, and some researchers designing their own grading.

冷再生材料成形

Cold recycled material forming

冷再生材料的性質(zhì)與傳統(tǒng)道路材料不完全相同，因而對(duì)成形的要求也不完全相同。冷再生材料按再生劑大致可以區(qū)分為兩類：

The properties of cold recycled materials are not completely the same as traditional road materials, so the requirements for forming are also not completely the same. Cold recycled materials can be roughly divided into two categories based on the regeneration agent:

無機(jī)再生劑和瀝青再生劑，瀝青再生時(shí)往往加入少量水泥以提高其抗水損壞能力。常用的無機(jī)再生劑是水泥，其他還有二灰、水泥粉煤灰等。

Inorganic rejuvenators and asphalt rejuvenators often add a small amount of cement to improve their resistance to water damage during asphalt regeneration. The commonly used inorganic rejuvenator is cement, and there are other types such as fly ash and cement fly ash.

無機(jī)穩(wěn)定冷再生一般按照傳統(tǒng)的半剛性材料進(jìn)行成形和養(yǎng)生。常溫下進(jìn)行重型擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)或者振動(dòng)擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)，在20℃或者25℃下養(yǎng)生7天。

Inorganic stable cold regeneration is generally formed and cured using traditional semi-rigid materials. Conduct heavy compaction test or vibration compaction test at room temperature, and maintain for 7 days at 20 ℃ or 25 ℃.

通過含水量-強(qiáng)度關(guān)系確定佳含水量。瀝青穩(wěn)定劑冷再生時(shí)的情況比較復(fù)雜，尚無統(tǒng)一方法。

Determine the optimal moisture content through the relationship between moisture content and strength. The situation during cold regeneration of asphalt stabilizers is quite complex, and there is no unified method yet.

冷再生材料組成設(shè)計(jì)方法常見的方法是用擊實(shí)法確定佳液體量，用馬歇爾穩(wěn)定度、干劈裂強(qiáng)度、濕劈裂強(qiáng)度中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)達(dá)到優(yōu)來確定瀝青用量。

The common method for designing the composition of cold recycled materials is to use the compaction method to determine the optimal liquid volume, and to use one or more of Marshall stability, dry splitting strength, and wet splitting strength to determine the optimal asphalt dosage.